{"id":16215,"date":"2020-12-22T22:40:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-22T21:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/?p=16215"},"modified":"2023-12-30T19:13:34","modified_gmt":"2023-12-30T18:13:34","slug":"inuite-zivot-v-iglu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/?p=16215","title":{"rendered":"Inuit\u00e9 – \u017eivot v igl\u00fa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Nanuk, \u010dlov\u011bk primitivn\u00ed<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0(Nanook of the North)<\/em>\u00a0je n\u011bm\u00fd\u00a0dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film<\/a>\u00a0americk\u00e9ho<\/a>\u00a0re\u017eis\u00e9ra\u00a0Roberta J. Flahertyho<\/a>\u00a0z roku\u00a01922<\/a>. Film byl nato\u010den v souladu s principy takzvan\u00e9\u00a0salvage anthropology<\/em>\u00a0(z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 antropologie), tedy s c\u00edlem zdokumentovat a pro budoucnost zachovat kultury, kter\u00fdm m\u011bl hrozit z\u00e1nik. Flahertyho film m\u011bl zachycovat \u017eivot\u00a0Inuita<\/a>\u00a0Nanooka a jeho rodiny, jen\u017e \u017eily v arktick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti\u00a0Kanady<\/a>. Nanook of the North je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za prvn\u00ed dlouhometr\u00e1\u017en\u00ed dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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NANOOK OF THE NORTH <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Film byl nato\u010den u inuitsk\u00e9 osady\u00a0Inukjuak<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed u\u00a0Hudsonova z\u00e1livu<\/a>\u00a0v arktick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti kanadsk\u00e9\u00a0provincie<\/a>\u00a0Qu\u00e9bec<\/a>. Flaherty v Kanad\u011b p\u016fsobil jako\u00a0prospektor<\/a>\u00a0a pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk a pracoval i pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Inuity tedy znal a pozd\u011bji se rozhodl zachytit jejich zp\u016fsob \u017eivota. Flaherty nato\u010dil prvn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011bry Inuit\u016f u\u017e n\u011bkolik let p\u0159ed vznikem Nanooka, ale ve\u0161ker\u00fd materi\u00e1l sho\u0159el, kdy\u017e Flahertymu do filmov\u00fdch negativ\u016f upadla cigareta. Flaherty se proto vr\u00e1til zp\u011bt, aby v\u0161e nato\u010dil znovu.[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Druh\u00e9 nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhalo od srpna\u00a01920<\/a>\u00a0do srpna\u00a01921<\/a>, financoval Flahertyho zam\u011bstnavatel, francouzsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost R\u00e9villon, kter\u00e1 obchodovala s ko\u017ee\u0161inou a m\u011bla v Arktid\u011b \u0159adu obchodn\u00edch stanic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nanuk, \u010dlov\u011bk primitivn\u00ed byl p\u0159elomov\u00fdm filmem v tom, \u017ee \u0161lo o prvn\u00ed dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film podobn\u00e9ho rozsahu. Flaherty v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film, zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed lidi a jejich kultury, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rovnocennou protiv\u00e1hou fikci Hollywoodsk\u00fdch<\/a> studi\u00ed. Film m\u011bl zachytit \u017eivot exotick\u00e9 kultury ze vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 oblasti a b\u00fdt protikladem k napodobenin\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho \u017eivota, po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 ve studiu a s rekvizitami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Film zachycoval metody lovu, rybolovu, stav\u011bn\u00ed igl\u00fa a dal\u0161\u00edch zvyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 Flaherty pova\u017eoval za tradi\u010dn\u00ed. Toto, v kombinaci s p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem Nanooka, kter\u00fd spolu se svou rodinou bojoval proti nep\u0159\u00edzni p\u0159\u00edrody, p\u0159ineslo Flahertyho dokumentu velk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch doma i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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http:\/\/Photo by Filippo Cesarini on Unsplash<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

NANOOK <\/strong>– znamen\u00e1 medv\u011bd nebo tak\u00e9 p\u00e1n medv\u011bd\u016f, co\u017e je inuitsk\u00fd b\u016fh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

IGL\u00da<\/strong> – je kopulovit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161ek vyroben\u00fd ze\u00a0sn\u011bhov\u00fdch<\/a>\u00a0blok\u016f. U\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ho p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm\u00a0kanad\u0161t\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0Eskym\u00e1ci<\/a>\u00a0jako provizorn\u00ed domov v dob\u011b\u00a0arktick\u00e9<\/a>zimy. Ne\u017eili v n\u011bm trvale, ale p\u0159esp\u00e1vali v n\u011bm b\u011bhem dlouh\u00fdch v\u00fdprav za lovem. V\u00fdraz\u00a0igl\u00fa<\/em>\u00a0v\u00a0inuitsk\u00e9m jazyce<\/a>\u00a0ozna\u010duje\u00a0d\u016fm<\/em>\u00a0nebo\u00a0domov<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Igl\u00fa je tvo\u0159eno \u00fazkou podlouhlou p\u0159eds\u00edn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edstupu chladu a hlavn\u00ed obytnou m\u00edstnost\u00ed, n\u011bkdy vybavenou okny z tenk\u00e9ho ledu. Sn\u00edh je dobr\u00fd izola\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, tak\u017ee vnit\u0159n\u00ed teplota igl\u00fa m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat i n\u011bkolika stup\u0148\u016f Celsia nad nulou, studen\u00fd vzduch do n\u011bho nepronikne, proto\u017ee vchod je pod \u00farovn\u00ed podlahy. Tepl\u00fd vzduch stoup\u00e1 nahoru a studen\u00fd kles\u00e1 dol\u016f. Nav\u00edc t\u011blesn\u00e1 teplota Eskym\u00e1k\u016f vzduch uvnit\u0159 igl\u00fa oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1.[1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

INUIT\u00c9\u00a0<\/strong>– jsou skupinou obyvatel nejsevern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti\u00a0Ameriky<\/a>, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou kulturn\u011b podobn\u00ed ostatn\u00edm\u00a0domorod\u00fdm<\/a>\u00a0obyvatel\u016fm. Ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed\u00a0arktick\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0regiony\u00a0Gr\u00f3nska<\/a>,\u00a0Kanady<\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0Alja\u0161ky<\/a>. Hovo\u0159\u00ed\u00a0inuitsk\u00fdmi jazyky<\/a>, kter\u00e9 se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi\u00a0eskym\u00e1cko-aleutsk\u00e9 jazyky<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V USA a Kanad\u011b jsou Inuit\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1rod\u016f \u0159azen\u00fdch pod Eskym\u00e1ky<\/a> spolu s Jupiky<\/a> a I\u00f1upiaty<\/a>. Ozna\u010den\u00ed Inuit\u00e9 tedy nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt pro Jupiky. Ozna\u010den\u00ed Eskym\u00e1ci zase nelze pou\u017e\u00edt pro domorodce v Kanad\u011b a Gr\u00f3nsku, proto\u017ee je pejorativn\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inuit\u00e9 se \u017eivili lovem, \u010dasto mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, nap\u0159\u00edklad vorva\u0148\u016f<\/a>, narval\u016f<\/a>, \u010di tule\u0148\u016f<\/a>, ale lovili t\u00e9\u017e faunu pevniny. Pro Inuity je typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161kem igl\u00fa<\/a>, stavba z ledov\u00fdch kv\u00e1dr\u016f.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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 FILM ATANARJUAT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00fd n\u00e1zev „RYCHL\u00dd B\u011a\u017dEC“ z roku 2001 je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159\u00edhodinov\u00fd, o \u017eivot\u011b, tak jak ho my v\u016fbec nezn\u00e1me. Sice to nen\u00ed dokument, i kdy\u017e se tak tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, ale m\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo fascinuje. Zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 se na 1000 let star\u00e9 legend\u011b. Ta zima, v\u0161ude b\u00edlo, k j\u00eddlu jen maso, a to snad je\u0161t\u011b syrov\u00e9, j\u00ed ho i mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, do t\u00fddne bych um\u0159ela, k oble\u010den\u00ed jen horn\u00ed a spodn\u00ed d\u00edl, zato v\u0161ak z neskute\u010dn\u011b tepl\u00e9 ko\u017ee\u0161iny, \u017eivot v igl\u00fa, v l\u00e9t\u011b pod stanem, \u0159e\u0161\u00edm jak pr\u00e1t, m\u00fdt se, \u010distit zuby…\u00a0 oni zas stejn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my jako v modern\u00ed civilizaci: nev\u011bra, odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, vra\u017eda, vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed… znep\u0159\u00e1telen\u00e9 rodiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj fotografi\u00ed: Pexels, Pixabay, Unsplash<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text: wikipedia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nanuk, \u010dlov\u011bk primitivn\u00ed\u00a0(Nanook of the North)\u00a0je n\u011bm\u00fd\u00a0dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film\u00a0americk\u00e9ho\u00a0re\u017eis\u00e9ra\u00a0Roberta J. Flahertyho\u00a0z roku\u00a01922. Film byl nato\u010den v souladu s principy takzvan\u00e9\u00a0salvage anthropology\u00a0(z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 antropologie), tedy s c\u00edlem zdokumentovat a pro budoucnost zachovat kultury, kter\u00fdm m\u011bl hrozit z\u00e1nik. Flahertyho film m\u011bl zachycovat \u017eivot\u00a0Inuita\u00a0Nanooka a jeho rodiny, jen\u017e \u017eily v arktick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti\u00a0Kanady. Nanook of the North je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za prvn\u00ed dlouhometr\u00e1\u017en\u00ed dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film. NANOOK OF THE NORTH  Film byl nato\u010den u inuitsk\u00e9 osady\u00a0Inukjuak, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed u\u00a0Hudsonova z\u00e1livu\u00a0v arktick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti kanadsk\u00e9\u00a0provincie\u00a0Qu\u00e9bec. Flaherty v Kanad\u011b p\u016fsobil jako\u00a0prospektor\u00a0a pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk a pracoval i pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Inuity tedy znal a pozd\u011bji se rozhodl zachytit jejich zp\u016fsob \u017eivota. Flaherty nato\u010dil prvn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011bry Inuit\u016f u\u017e n\u011bkolik let p\u0159ed vznikem Nanooka, ale ve\u0161ker\u00fd materi\u00e1l sho\u0159el, kdy\u017e Flahertymu do filmov\u00fdch negativ\u016f upadla cigareta. Flaherty se proto vr\u00e1til zp\u011bt, aby v\u0161e nato\u010dil znovu.[1]\u00a0Druh\u00e9 nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhalo od srpna\u00a01920\u00a0do srpna\u00a01921, financoval Flahertyho zam\u011bstnavatel, francouzsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost R\u00e9villon, kter\u00e1 obchodovala s ko\u017ee\u0161inou a m\u011bla v Arktid\u011b \u0159adu obchodn\u00edch stanic. Nanuk, \u010dlov\u011bk primitivn\u00ed byl p\u0159elomov\u00fdm filmem v tom, \u017ee \u0161lo o prvn\u00ed dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film podobn\u00e9ho rozsahu. Flaherty v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film, zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed lidi a jejich kultury, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rovnocennou protiv\u00e1hou fikci Hollywoodsk\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Film m\u011bl zachytit \u017eivot exotick\u00e9 kultury ze vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 oblasti a b\u00fdt protikladem k napodobenin\u011b re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho \u017eivota, po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 ve studiu a s rekvizitami. Film zachycoval metody lovu, rybolovu, stav\u011bn\u00ed igl\u00fa a dal\u0161\u00edch zvyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 Flaherty pova\u017eoval za tradi\u010dn\u00ed. Toto, v kombinaci s p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem Nanooka, kter\u00fd spolu se svou rodinou bojoval proti nep\u0159\u00edzni p\u0159\u00edrody, p\u0159ineslo Flahertyho dokumentu velk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch doma i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. NANOOK – znamen\u00e1 medv\u011bd nebo tak\u00e9 p\u00e1n medv\u011bd\u016f, co\u017e je inuitsk\u00fd b\u016fh.  IGL\u00da – je kopulovit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161ek vyroben\u00fd ze\u00a0sn\u011bhov\u00fdch\u00a0blok\u016f. U\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ho p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm\u00a0kanad\u0161t\u00ed\u00a0Eskym\u00e1ci\u00a0jako provizorn\u00ed domov v dob\u011b\u00a0arktick\u00e9zimy. Ne\u017eili v n\u011bm trvale, ale p\u0159esp\u00e1vali v n\u011bm b\u011bhem dlouh\u00fdch v\u00fdprav za lovem. V\u00fdraz\u00a0igl\u00fa\u00a0v\u00a0inuitsk\u00e9m jazyce\u00a0ozna\u010duje\u00a0d\u016fm\u00a0nebo\u00a0domov. Igl\u00fa je tvo\u0159eno \u00fazkou podlouhlou p\u0159eds\u00edn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edstupu chladu a hlavn\u00ed obytnou m\u00edstnost\u00ed, n\u011bkdy vybavenou okny z tenk\u00e9ho ledu. Sn\u00edh je dobr\u00fd izola\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1l, tak\u017ee vnit\u0159n\u00ed teplota igl\u00fa m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat i n\u011bkolika stup\u0148\u016f Celsia nad nulou, studen\u00fd vzduch do n\u011bho nepronikne, proto\u017ee vchod je pod \u00farovn\u00ed podlahy. Tepl\u00fd vzduch stoup\u00e1 nahoru a studen\u00fd kles\u00e1 dol\u016f. Nav\u00edc t\u011blesn\u00e1 teplota Eskym\u00e1k\u016f vzduch uvnit\u0159 igl\u00fa oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1.[1 INUIT\u00c9\u00a0– jsou skupinou obyvatel nejsevern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti\u00a0Ameriky, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou kulturn\u011b podobn\u00ed ostatn\u00edm\u00a0domorod\u00fdm\u00a0obyvatel\u016fm. Ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed\u00a0arktick\u00e9\u00a0regiony\u00a0Gr\u00f3nska,\u00a0Kanady\u00a0a\u00a0Alja\u0161ky. Hovo\u0159\u00ed\u00a0inuitsk\u00fdmi jazyky, kter\u00e9 se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi\u00a0eskym\u00e1cko-aleutsk\u00e9 jazyky. V USA a Kanad\u011b jsou Inuit\u00e9 jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1rod\u016f \u0159azen\u00fdch pod Eskym\u00e1ky spolu s Jupiky a I\u00f1upiaty. Ozna\u010den\u00ed Inuit\u00e9 tedy nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt pro Jupiky. Ozna\u010den\u00ed Eskym\u00e1ci zase nelze pou\u017e\u00edt pro domorodce v Kanad\u011b a Gr\u00f3nsku, proto\u017ee je pejorativn\u00ed. Inuit\u00e9 se \u017eivili lovem, \u010dasto mo\u0159sk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, nap\u0159\u00edklad vorva\u0148\u016f, narval\u016f, \u010di tule\u0148\u016f, ale lovili t\u00e9\u017e faunu pevniny. Pro Inuity je typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161kem igl\u00fa, stavba z ledov\u00fdch kv\u00e1dr\u016f.[1] .  FILM ATANARJUAT \u010cesk\u00fd n\u00e1zev „RYCHL\u00dd B\u011a\u017dEC“ z roku 2001 je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159\u00edhodinov\u00fd, o \u017eivot\u011b, tak jak ho my v\u016fbec nezn\u00e1me. Sice to nen\u00ed dokument, i kdy\u017e se tak tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, ale m\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo fascinuje. Zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 se na 1000 let star\u00e9 legend\u011b. Ta zima, v\u0161ude b\u00edlo, k j\u00eddlu jen maso, a to snad je\u0161t\u011b syrov\u00e9, j\u00ed ho i mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, do t\u00fddne bych um\u0159ela, k oble\u010den\u00ed jen horn\u00ed a spodn\u00ed d\u00edl, zato v\u0161ak z neskute\u010dn\u011b tepl\u00e9 ko\u017ee\u0161iny, \u017eivot v igl\u00fa, v l\u00e9t\u011b pod stanem, \u0159e\u0161\u00edm jak pr\u00e1t, m\u00fdt se, \u010distit zuby…\u00a0 oni zas stejn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my jako v modern\u00ed civilizaci: nev\u011bra, odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, vra\u017eda, vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed… znep\u0159\u00e1telen\u00e9 rodiny. Zdroj fotografi\u00ed: Pexels, Pixabay, Unsplash Text: wikipedia<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tajemstvi-zivota"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/aleksandra-sapozhnikova-BTYUVvYKf7k-unsplash-1-scaled.jpg","acf":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16215"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17103,"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16215\/revisions\/17103"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/p-art.design\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}